Cosmic Clearinghouse

Galileo: The Man and His Science

Galileo: TheMan and His Science

A Resource Guide to Materials in English

by Andrew Fraknoi (Foothill College & the Astronomical Society of the Pacific)

This guide is designed to help introduce beginners to the life and work of the great scientist, who, in many ways, was both the founder of science and the first systematic observer with a telescope. It makes no pretense to being a scholarly or complete bibliography, but simply recommends some accessible entry points to the enormous literature on Galileo.

Galileo Books for Adults________________________________________________________

Drake, Stillman The Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo. 1957, Anchor. Drake, a foremost Galileo authority, translates some of Galileo’s key writings, and nicely sets them in context. (See also his Galileo: A Very Short Introduction. 2001, Oxford University Press.)

Maran, Stephen & Marschall, Laurence Galileo’s New Universe: The Revolution in Our Understanding of the Cosmos. 2009, Benbella Books. A history of the telescope and its influences on our society and worldview, by two astronomers.

Reeves, Eileen Galileo’s Glassworks: The Telescope and the Mirror. 2008, Harvard University Press. A cultural historian fills in the story of the inventions and politics that led to the astronomical telescope and Galileo’s work.

Reston, James Galileo: A Life. 1994, Beard Books. A well-reviewed popular biography by a journalist; a good introduction for beginners.

Ronan, Colin Galileo. 1974, Putnams. Now out of print, this is a nicely written introduction by a British science writer and historical specialist, with many illustrations.

Sharratt, Michael Galileo: Decisive Innovator. 1994, Cambridge U. Press. Popular-level biography by a priest/philosophy professor, with a last chapter on the 1992 Papal Commission which reviewed the Galileo case for the Vatican.

Sobel, Dava Galileo’s Daughter: A Historical Memoir of Science, Faith, and Love. 1999, Walker & Co. Galileo’s public and private life, seen through the filter of his relationship with his daughter, who was a nun.

Galileo Books for Children______________________________________________________

Bendick, Jeanne Along Came Galileo. 1999, Beautiful Feet Books. A picture book for elementary school children.

MacLachlan, James Galileo Galilei: First Physicist. 1997, Oxford University Press. An introduction for middle school and up; part of the Oxford Portraits in Science series.

Panchyk, Richard Galileo for Kids: His Life and Ideas (with 25 Activities). 2005, Chicago Review Press. For middle-school kids, with some activities for school or home.

Pettenati, Jeanne: Galileo’s Journal (1609-1610). 2006, Charlesbridge Books. Illustrated picture book for elementary school readers, chronicling the year Galileo turned the telescope to the heavens.

Sis, Peter Starry Messenger: Galileo Galilei. 2000, Farrar, Straus and Giroux. A picture book for children ages 4 - 8.

Steele, Philip Galileo: The Genius Who Faced the Inquisition. 2005, National Geographic Books. Part of Nat’l Geographic’s World History series, for kids ages 9 - 12.

Galileo Articles________________________________________________________________

Gingerich, Owen "The Galileo Affair" in Scientific American, Aug. 1982, p. 132. Reprinted in his The Great Copernicus Chase. 1992, Sky Publishing.

Gingerich, Owen "Galileo and the Phases of Venus" in Sky & Telescope, Dec. 1984, p. 520. Reprinted in his The Great Copernicus Chase. 1992, Sky Publishing.

Gingerich, Owen "How Galileo Changed the Rules of Science" in Sky & Telescope, Mar. 1993, p. 32. Especially useful article, including recent developments.

Lerner, L. & Gosselin, E. "Galileo and the Specter of Bruno" in Scientific American, Nov. 1986, p. 116.

Maran, S. & Marschall, L. “The Moon, the Telescope, and the Birth of the Modern World” in Sky & Telescope, Feb. 2009, p. 28. On Galileo’s pioneering observations of the Moon.

Shubinski, R. “From Galileo to Newton: How the Telescope Remade the Universe” in Astronomy, May 2009, p. 31.

Sobel, Dava “The Heretic’s Daughter: A Startling Correspondence Reveals a New Portrait of Galileo” in The New Yorker, Sep. 13, 1999, p. 52.

Some Galileo Web Sites_________________________________________________________

Galileo Project at Rice University: http://galileo.rice.edu/

Galileo and Einstein Course at U. of Virginia: http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Galileo Entry: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/galileo/

MacTutor, Galileo Entry: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Galileo.html

Galileo’s Battle for the Heavens (PBS show website with good supplementary information): http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/galileo/

Some GalileoVideos____________________________________________________________

Galileo’s Battle for the Heavens (PBS NOVA Episode): This 2-hour NOVA special, based in part on Dava Sobel’s best-selling book, Galileo’s Daughter, combines recreations of Galileo’s life (starring Simon Callow as Galileo) with a discussion of his science and times. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/galileo/

Galileo and the Sinful Spyglass (part of History Channel’s Man, Moment, and Machine Series) A dramatic introduction to Galileo and his times, featuring dramatizations and interviews.

http://www.history.com/minisite.do?content_type=Minisite_Generic&content_type_id=51725&display_order=6&sub_display_order=7&mini_id=51673

To purchase: http://store.aetv.com/html/product/index.jhtml?id=77189

Galileo: On the Shoulders of Giants (part of the HBO’s The Inventors Specials) This dramatization of Galileo’s life for young people won daytime TV awards, but takes some liberties to keep kids interested. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0205959/

400 Years of the Telescope (2009 PBS Special) -- Visually stunning show, that focuses on Galileo’s work and what happened with telescopes in the centuries afterwards. http://www.pbs.org/400years/

Galileo in Fiction_______________________________________________________________

Brecht, Bertold Galileo. 1952, Grove Press. (plus many updated editions) Controversial play, not always historically accurate, and with a strong political perspective. (Joseph Losey’s production, with Topol and John Gielgud, is available on DVD.)

Dozois, Gardner Galileo’s Children: Tales of Science Versus Superstition. 2005, Pyr. Science fiction stories inspired by Galileo’s struggle.

Robinson, Kim Stanley Galileo’s Dream. 2009, Spectra Books. Combination historical novel and science fiction time travel tale, this book recreates the feel and politics of Galileo’s time.

Stavis, Barry Lamp at Midnight. 1966, Bantam. Another play about Galileo and the Inquisition, shown on television’s Hallmark Hall of Fame.

Best Astronomical Images on the Web

Best Astronomical Images on the Web

By Andrew Fraknoi (Foothill College)

Version 3.1 (February 2010)

One of the best things about astronomy these days is the abundance of fabulous images, both from telescopes on the ground and our many instruments in space. Many of these images were produced with government funds and are not under copyright. Others are from university and nonprofit observatories, which often have liberal policies when it comes to educational uses. And, with the growth of digital photography and the decreasing cost of hobbyist telescopes, many amateur astronomers are also making remarkable images of the deep sky. The list below is not comprehensive, but will introduce some of our favorite image archives.

1. The Top Image Sites

Astronomy Picture of the Day: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/aptree.html

Two space scientists scour the internet and select one “sexy” astronomy image to feature each day. Their archives range widely, from traditional astronomical objects to space history, and have also been organized by subject. The search function works quite well for finding something specific among 11 years’ worth of daily images.

Hubble Space Telescope Images: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/browse/images/

Starting at this page, you can select among hundreds of Hubble pictures by subject or by date. Note that many of the images have supporting pictures with them, such as diagrams, animations, comparisons, etc. Excellent captions and background information are provided. Other ways to approach these images are through the more public-oriented Hubble Gallery: http://hubblesite.org/gallery/ and the European home page: http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/index.html

National Optical Astronomy Observatories Image Gallery: http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/

This growing archive shows images taken with the many telescopes that are part of the National Optical Astronomy Observatories. There are many objects pictured that are not available anywhere else. The gallery is organized by topic. An intriguing newer section highlights nice images taken in the Advanced Observing Program for non-professional guest observers: http://www.noao.edu/outreach/aop/observers/bestof.html

Planetary Photojournal: http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/index.html

This site features thousands of images from planetary exploration, with captions of varied length. You can dial up images by world, feature name, date, or catalog number, and download images in a number of popular formats. Sadly, only NASA mission images are included. Note the rich “Other Query Methods” option on the menu at the bottom of the top page.

European Southern Observatory Photo Gallery: http://www.eso.org/public/archiveindex.html

Growing archives that include superb color images from the 4 telescopes that are being combined to make the “Very Large Telescope” in Chile. See the menu at left for approaching the gallery by topic.

Anglo-Australian Observatory Images: http://www.aao.gov.au/images.html

The brilliant astronomical photographer David Malin and his colleagues in Australia offer some of the most beautiful ground-based color images ever taken. They are well organized, but these are all under copyright and require permission for use.

Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes Image Gallery: http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/images_index.html

Includes beautiful images from the Herschel, Newton, and Kapteyn telescopes on La Palma. Each of the collections is nicely organized.

2. A Few Smaller Image Galleries from Professional Observatories

Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Images: http://www.cfht.hawaii.edu/HawaiianStarlight/images.html

Some remarkable color images from a major telescope on top of the Mauna Kea peak in Hawaii.

Chandra X-ray Observatory Images: http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/category.html

Growing collection of images that show the universe as seen through “x-ray eyes”.

Gemini Observatory Images: http://www.gemini.edu/index.php?option=com_gallery

Beautiful new images from a pair of large telescopes, one in the northern, the other in the southern hemisphere.

Multiwavelength Astronomy Gallery: http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/multiwavelength_astronomy/multiwavelength_museum/gallery.html

An interesting album from Caltech/JPL, which shows the same astronomical objects in several different bands of the spectrum: visible light, infrared, x-rays, etc.

NASA Human Spaceflight Image Gallery: http://spaceflight1.nasa.gov/gallery/index.html

Here is where to find the great astronaut images from the different missions.

NASA Images: http://www.nasaimages.org/index.html

This site is a partnership between NASA and an internet organization, and presents a wide range of NASA images (not just astronomical ones). The organization is not as good as the ones in our top category, but you can search for images and many historical pictures are included. (See also the Great Images at NASA site: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ )

National Radio Astronomy Observatory Image Gallery: http://images.nrao.edu/

Organized by topic, the images show objects and processes that give off radio waves.

Palomar Observatory Images: http://www.astro.caltech.edu/palomarnew/astrophotos.html

For many years, the 200-inch telescope atop Mt. Palomar was the largest in the world. Here are some of the historic photos from this and related observatories.

Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei: http://www.astr.ua.edu/keel/agn/

Astronomer William Keel at the University of Alabama has assembled a gallery of images and captions showing the wide range of activity in galaxies revealed by modern telescopes.

SOHO Satellite Images of the Sun: http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/

Beautiful images of the Sun from space. Click on Gallery among the choices. See also the TRACE satellite images at: http://trace.lmsal.com/POD/TRACEpodarchive.html

Spitzer Infrared Telescope Image Gallery:

http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/mediaimages/index.shtml

Images from the observatory in space, showing what the universe looks like in “heat-rays,” rather than visible light.

Subaru Telescope Images: http://www.naoj.org/Gallery/pressrelease.html

Images from the large Japanese telescope on Mauna Kea in Hawaii.

3. A Few Other Galleries of Interest

Astronaut Photography of the Earth: http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/

Evolution of our Solar System Timeline and Gallery from the Lunar and Planetary Institute: http://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/timeline/gallery/

GALEX (Galaxy Evolution Explorer) Ultraviolet Satellite: http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/images.html

Mars Express: http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Mars_Express/index.html [we list this European planetary mission, because its images are not included in the Planetary Photojournal site mentioned in section 1. U.S. planetary missions have their images included and organized there]

Messier Catalog with Images: http://www.maa.clell.de/Messier/messier.html

Moon Mission Images from the National Space Science Data Center: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/group_page/EM.html

Our Infrared World Gallery (infrared images from many telescopes): http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/image_galleries/missions_gallery.html

Sloan DigitalSky Survey Images: http://www.sdss.org/gallery/

Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) Infrared Gallery: http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/

X-ray Images from European Satellites: http://www.mpe.mpg.de/xray/research/gallery.php?lang=en

4. Image Galleries by Selected Amateur Astronomers

The World at Night (remarkable images by professional photographers who are amateur astronomers and set out to capture the world’s landmarks set against the dark night sky): http://www.twanight.org/newTWAN/index.asp

Davide De Martin’s Sky Factory: http://www.skyfactory.org/index.htm

Akira Fuji Image Gallery: http://www.davidmalin.com/fujii/fujii_index.html

Robert Gendler’s The Universe in Color: http://www.robgendlerastropics.com/

Tony & Daphne Hallas (AstroPhoto): http://www.astrophoto.com/images.htm

Jerry Lodriguss (Catching the Light): http://www.astropix.com/

Jack Newton’s Image Gallery: http://www.jacknewton.com/image_gallery.htm

Alex Mellinger Astrophotography: http://canopus.physik.uni-potsdam.de/~axm/astrophot.html

Andreas Rorig Astronomy Pages: http://www.andreasroerig.de/index_e.htm

Star Shadows Remote Observatory (a group of amateurs): http://www.starshadows.com/gallery/

5. Listings That Include Other Astronomical Photography Sites

Deep Sky Image Sites (Hartmut Frommert): http://www.maa.clell.de/Messier/deep-l.html

Pretty Pictures page on AstroWeb: http://www.cv.nrao.edu/fits/www/yp_pictures.html

Sky & Telescope Magazine: http://www.skyandtelescope.com/resources/internet/3304976.html?page=1&c=y

Useful Internet Resources

American Association of Variable Star Observers Education Pages: Education programs and resources relating to variable stars. (www.aavso.org/education/)

ASP Activity Sampler: Browse this sampler of hands-on activities for formal, informal, afterschool and amateur astronomer educators in this sampler from the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and learn where to find more. (www.astrosociety.org/education/activities/handson.html)

Astronomical Society of the Pacific Education Pages: a wealth of activities and program for teachers and other educators. (www.astrosociety.org/education.html)

Astronomy of Many Cultures: Resources for exploring non-Western contributions to astronomy. (www.astrosociety.org/education/resources/multi.html)

Debunking Astronomical Pseudo-science: A Skeptic’s Guide: For addressing astrology, UFO’s, creationist cosmology, etc. (www.astrosociety.org/education/resources/pseudobib.html)

400 Years of the Telescope: The web site of the PBS-televised program of the same name produced by Ingterstellar Studios; includes educational resources. (www.400years.org/)

International Dark-Sky Association: Works to educate media, politicians, and the public about light pollution; resources on site. (www.darksky.org/)

IYA International: the IAU web site for the world-wide celebration of the International Year of Astronomy. (www.astronomy2009.org/)

IYA USA: The official web site of the US effort for the 2009 International Year of Astronomy, filled with materials, programs, events and web links for celebrating 400 years of astronomical discovery. (astronomy2009.us/)

NASA Education Pages: The portal to NASA’s wide-ranging education programs. (www.nasa.gov/offices/education/about/index.html)

NASA Resources: This IYA compilation of NASA education web sites provides links to a variety of educational resources, both general and mission-specific. (astronomy2009.nasa.gov/resources.htm)

NOAO Education: A compilation of programs and resources on the National Optical Astronomy Observatory for a variety of educators. (www.noao.edu/education/)

Portal to the Universe: A one-stop site to the news of the universe. (www.portaltotheuniverse.org/)

Science Fiction with Good Astronomy: A topical listing and brief review. (www.astrosociety.org/education/resources/scifi.html)

Space Science Education Resources Directory: Jump into a universe of NASA-developed products. (teachspacescience.org/cgi-bin/ssrtop.plex)

Where to Find Astronomical Images: From AER; on top page, use “full text options” buttons at upper right to get full text. (dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2008012)

Women in Astronomy Bibliography: General references and specific readings for a few dozen women astronomers. (www.astrosociety.org/education/resources/womenast_bib.html)

Amazing Space: The Award-winning Hubble Space Telescope site featuring a wide variety of curriculum support tools for classroom teachers. (amazing-space.stsci.edu)

Association for Astronomy Educators: A subgroup at the National Association for Science Teachers. (www.astroed.org/) A similar group exists in England. (www.aae.org.uk/)

Astronomy in the K-8 Curriculum: Survey of Requirements State by State; from the AER -- use the “full text options” buttons at upper right to get full text. (dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2006002)

comPADRE Digital Library: A network of free online resource collections supporting faculty, students, and teachers in Physics and Astronomy Education. (www.compadre.org/)

Compendia of Astronomy Activities on the Web: Resources for K-12 teachers.

Astronomical Society of the Pacific Hands-on Activities: (www.astrosociety.org/education/activities/handson.html)
CERES Project (U. of Montana): (btc.montana.edu/ceres/html/EdActivities.html)
Everyday Classroom Tools (CfA): (hea-www.harvard.edu/ECT/thrcontents.html)
Exploratorium Hands-on Activities: (www.exploratorium.edu/explore/handson.html)
Exploring Planets in the Classroom (U. of Hawaii): (www.spacegrant.hawaii.edu/class_acts/)
Hands-on Optics Project: (www.hands-on-optics.org/resources/)
Hands-on Universe Activities: (www.handsonuniverse.org/activities/index.html)
Modeling the Universe activities (CfA): (www.cfa.harvard.edu/seuforum/mtu/)
Nat’l Optical Astronomy Observatories Activities: (www.noao.edu/education/teachers.php)
Paper Plate Education: (analyzer.depaul.edu/paperplate/activities.htm)
Planetarium Activities for Student Success (Lawrence Hall of Science): (lawrencehallofscience.org/pass/)
Practical Uses of Math and Science (NASA): (pumas.gsfc.nasa.gov/examples/index.php)
Science Education Gateway (U. of California, Berkeley): (cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/SegwayEd/master.html)
Space Science Institute Activities (including Cheri Morrow’s Kinesthetic Astronomy): (www.spacescience.org/education/instructional_materials.html)
Space Telescope Science Institute Amazing Space: (amazing-space.stsci.edu/)
Stardust Mission Comet Activities: (stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/classroom/guides.html)
Sun-Earth Day Activities (U. of California, Berkeley): (sunearthday.nasa.gov/2008/getinvolved/maketake.php)

Curriuclum Standards Quilts: A fast track to lesson plans that engage, entertain and adhere to the National Science Education Standards, by grade level and topic, from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (quilt.jpl.nasa.gov/)

Formal Education Sampler: Good Astronomy Activities on the World Wide Web – an assortment of hands-on activities for use in the classroom compiled by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. (www.astrosociety.org/education/activities/astroacts.html)

Good Astronomy Activities on the Web: A Topical Index for K-12 classrooms. (www.astrosociety.org/education/activities/astroacts.html)

Project ASTRO Resources: A short list of good resources for Project ASTRO partners. (www.astrosociety.org/education/astro/bayarea/resources.html)

Seeing in the Dark for Teachers: A list of good activities for teachers on the site for the PBS television film Seeing in the Dark produced by Timothy Ferris. (www.pbs.org/seeinginthedark/for-teachers/)

Universe in the Classroom: The Astronomical Society of the Pacific's quarterly electronic education newsletter for classroom teachers; each issue offer a content article on an astronomical topic, handspon activities, and resource and reference lists. (www.astrosociety.org/education/publications/tnl/tnl.html)

Voyages Through Time: An integrated science curriculum for ninth or tenth grade based on the theme of evolution and delivered on CD-ROM. (www.voyagesthroughtime.org/)

Astronomy from the Ground Up: A training program for smaller science and nature centers. (www.astrosociety.org/afgu/index.html)

AFGU Sampler: A short selection of downloadable activities developed or adapted for use in the Astronomical Society of the Pacific’s “Astronomy from the Ground Up” program to provide professional development in astronomy education for informal educators at museums, science centers and nature centers, (www.astrosociety.org/afgu/index.html)

International Planetarium Society: Professional organization of planetarium educators; site has archives of publications and reports, and links to regional affiliate organizations. (www.ips-planetarium.org/)

AAS Education: Education services from the American Astronomical Society. (aas.org/education)

Assessment in Introductory Astronomy Courses: From the AER; use “full text option” buttons at upper right to get full text. (dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2001001)

The Astronomy Center: A selection of resources and reviews from the ComPADRE Project. (www.compadre.org/Astronomy/)

The Astronomy Diagnostic Test: One widely-used pre and post test for assessing student learning. (solar.physics.montana.edu/aae/adt/)

Center for Astronomy Education: JPL’s information and meeting place for Astronomy 101 instructors, run by the University of Arizona’s astronomy education team (astronomy101.jpl.nasa.gov/)

Concept Inventories for Teaching Astronomy: Includes inventories about the moon’s phases, light and spectroscopy, etc. (astronomy101.jpl.nasa.gov/tips/index.cfm?TeachingID=32)

Contemporary Laboratory Experiences in Astronomy (CLEA): An NSF-sponsored project to develop hands-on, computer-based astronomy labs for Astro 101. (www3.gettysburg.edu/~marschal/clea/CLEAhome.html)

COSMOS in the Classroom 2007: learn how to get a copy of the papers and handouts from the Astronomical Society of the Pacific’s 2007 COSMOS in the Classroom, a hands-on symposium on teaching introductory astronomy. (www.astrosociety.org/events/cosmos.html)

Goals for Astronomy 101: Report from a Workshop of Astronomy Department Leaders: From AER; use “full text option” buttons at upper right to get full text. (dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003016)

Graduate Education in Astronomy: A Report: From the American Astronomical Society. (aas.org/archives/BAAS/v29n5/edrpt.html?q=publications/baas/v29n5/edrpt.html)

IYA/Las Cumbres/CSMA Speakers Program: An astronomy speakers bureau aimed primarily at 4-year colleges, especially ones with large minority enrollments, where astronomy is not now well represented. (arcc.phys.utb.edu/web/LasCumbres/REQUESTS/howto.html)

Survey of Introductory Astronomy Textbooks: From the AER; use “full text option” buttons at upper right to get full text. (dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2006026)

Tips for Astronomy Teaching Assistants: From the University of Washington. (www.astro.washington.edu/courses/labs/clearinghouse/teaching/ta_tips.html)

Tips for Astronomy Teaching Assistants: From the University of Virginia -- from AER; use “full text options” buttons at upper right to get full text. (dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2007010)

The Weekly Challenge: Introductory Astronomy teaching techniques. (casa.colorado.edu/~dduncan/challenge.html)

IYA Discovery Guides: Download education and outreach materials for every month of 2009, prepared by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific with support from NASA and designed to accompany NASA’s monthly featured objects and themes for the International Year of Astronomy. (www.astrosociety.org/iya/guides.html)

Night Sky Network Resource Directory: Browse a data base of resources for informal education and outreach originally developed by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific for the Night Sky Network of amateur astronomy clubs engaged in public outreach. (nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov/download-search.cfm)

Family ASTRO Activity: Enjoy this sample activity from the Astronomical Society of the Pacific’s Family ASTRO series. (www.astrosociety.org/education/surf.html)

Astronomy Education Review: An on-line journal and magazine on astronomy education and education research, at all levels. (aer.aip.org)

Communicating Astronomy to the Public: A journal on global astronomy education and outreach produced by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). (www.capjournal.org/)

Spark: The American Astronomical Society education newsletter. (aas.org/education/spark_pubs.php)

Resources for Evaluation of Informal Education Projects: Including articles, primers, and web sites): (www.astronomy2009.org/static/resources/iya2009_evaluation_resource_guide.pdf)

A Review of Astronomy Education Research: From AER; use the “full text options” buttons at upper right to get full text. (dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003015)

Searchable Annotated Bibliography of Astronomy Education Research (SABER): A guide to research articles. (astronomy.uwp.edu/saber/)

A Series of Review Papers on Research on Student Learning about Basic Astronomy: From the AER; use the “full text options” buttons at upper right to get full text.

Gravity and Free Fall: (dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2006018)
Trajectories and Orbits: (dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2006019)
Phases of the Moon & Eclipses: (dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2005002)
The Earth’s Shape and Gravity: (dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003017)